1. Develop a Security Policy
- Define acceptable use policies for company devices, internet, and email.
- Establish guidelines for handling sensitive information (e.g., customer data, financial records).
- Regularly review and update policies.
2. Secure Network and Infrastructure
- Use a firewall to protect your network.
- Enable encryption for Wi-Fi and use a strong password (WPA3 preferred).
- Segment your network to separate sensitive data from general traffic.
- Disable unused ports and services.
3. Update and Patch Regularly
- Keep all software, operating systems, and hardware firmware updated.
- Use automatic updates whenever possible.
- Regularly patch vulnerabilities identified by manufacturers.
4. Protect Endpoints
- Install and update antivirus and anti-malware software on all devices.
- Use device management tools to enforce security policies on employee devices.
- Implement endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions for advanced threat protection.
5. Enforce Strong Authentication
- Require strong, unique passwords for all accounts.
- Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for sensitive systems and accounts.
- Use password managers to securely store credentials.
6. Backup Data
- Schedule regular backups for critical data.
- Store backups securely in an off-site or cloud location.
- Test backups periodically to ensure data recovery is possible.
7. Train Employees
- Conduct regular cybersecurity training for all staff.
- Teach employees how to recognize phishing attempts and social engineering tactics.
- Establish a protocol for reporting security incidents.
8. Monitor and Audit
- Implement monitoring tools to track network activity.
- Set up alerts for suspicious activity or unauthorized access attempts.
- Regularly review access logs and audit trails.
9. Manage Access Control
- Implement the principle of least privilege (PoLP) for all users.
- Use role-based access controls (RBAC) for sensitive systems.
- Immediately revoke access for former employees or contractors.
10. Plan for Incidents
- Develop and document an incident response plan.
- Conduct regular drills to ensure employees know their roles during an incident.
- Establish relationships with cybersecurity experts or services for immediate assistance.
11. Secure Physical Access
- Restrict physical access to servers, routers, and sensitive data storage locations.
- Use locks, surveillance cameras, and access badges.
- Ensure secure disposal of old hardware (e.g., hard drives, routers).
12. Use Secure Communication
- Use encrypted communication tools (e.g., VPNs, secure messaging apps).
- Train employees to verify recipients before sending sensitive information.
13. Comply with Regulations
- Understand and comply with industry-specific regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA, PCI DSS).
- Regularly review compliance status and make necessary adjustments.
14. Assess Risks
- Conduct regular security assessments or vulnerability scans.
- Address identified risks promptly.
- Document findings and remediation actions.